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  T he supply chain in the oil and gas industry is divided into three major segments  –  Upstream, midstream, and downstream. From the various activities conducted, drilling is a significant activity. Drilling activities are efficiently carried out using  drilling rigs . A Drilling Rig is an equipment used to create holes or wells in the earth ’ s surface.  Drilling rigs are selected based on the requirements of the drill site. Rigs are generally categorized as onshore(land) and offshore(marine). You must know this topic in detail as it is an integral part of the oil and gas training courses online. Onshore drilling rigs are structures made up of prefabricated sections that can be displaced onto the location by truck, barge, helicopter, etc. Here, we will discuss the offshore drilling rigs used for the extraction of oil. This is a crucial topic in oil and gas courses for mechanical engineers. Type of Drilling rigs  –  Offshore Offshore drilling rigs are divided into two types- Fixed an

This is because plain cylindrical bearings have more contact surface area than rolling element bearings, so loads are more evenly distributed across the surface.   Cylindrical bearing   applications may include applications with either radial or axial loads. CYLINDRICAL BEARINGS DESIGN, MATERIALS & BENEFITS Switching from  rolling element bearings  to cylindrical bearings results in savings from lower parts costs, low-risk assembly and installation, relaxed shaft tolerances and surface finish plus hardness requirements. Cylindrical bearings resist damage from fatigue, shock and edge loads, and they tolerate misalignment better than rolling element bearings. Ultimately, customers will experience savings from lower maintenance costs and extended equipment life. NICER bearings  have straight outside and inside diameters and are flush inside the housing. Due to their simple construction, cylindrical bearings are easy to install with a simple press fitting, reducing potential installati

The importance of the filter If we talk about an air purifier, the most important element to analyze is certainly the filter, which is the place where the real purification process takes place, where pollutants present in the airflow are removed. Therefore, one of the points to be taken into consideration to judge the performance of an air purifier is the filter's ability to be effective in the purification process. But what are actually the alternatives that a consumer can rely on? What are the differences between the various purifiers? Are there any technologies that are different from each other? What is the best choice? Let's find out together! Best solutions  Dominating the air purifiers market are two major companies, which are often combined despite being very different from each other: HEPA and PCO technologies. They differ greatly in: capacity for purification mode of purification filter life costs environmental sustainability Even though they are of a totally differen

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE ) is a fluoropolymer that has a large number of industrial applications due to its many properties. One brand name for PTFE is Teflon®, which is known for its non-stick and heat resistant properties. The properties that make PTFE or polytetrafluoroethylene so useful include low friction inert Self-cleaning Durable Effective over a wide range of temperatures Non-flammable Corrosion resistant High resistance Its properties mean that what we often call the non-stick coating of cookware is particularly important for its inertness and heat resistance.   PTFE was discovered by accident in 1938 by a DuPont engineer working in refrigeration. That happy accident led to the birth of an industry.   PTFE-coated fibreglass fabrics  or PTFE sheets, made from PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) coated glass fibres are mainly used in packaging and sealing devices to prevent foils from sticking to strips and sealing jaws.   In addition, PTFE-coated fibreglass fabric is used as

  How to choose the right bearing   Like plain bearings, rolling bearings reduce friction on a rotating guideway between two components. There are different types of bearings depending on the direction of the force, axial or radial. Bearings consist of rolling elements, usually balls, cylindrical rollers, tapered rollers or needle rollers. A bearing is a mechanical component whose function is to guide a rotating assembly. Thus, bearings allow one component to rotate relative to another. Bearings are high-precision components that allow equipment to move horizontally at different speeds by efficiently transporting and loading them. A bearing must have high precision and durability, and be able to operate at high speeds with minimal noise and vibration. This type of equipment is used in many projects, such as the automotive industry, aerospace, construction equipment, machine tools, etc. There are many types of bearings, the four main types are:  ball bearings ,  cylindrical roller beari

Enteric capsules, also known as  extended-release capsules , are uniquely designed to resist the acidic environment of the human stomach during digestion until the next step in the digestive process. Enteric capsules are treated with a material to prevent or minimise dissolution in the stomach, allowing it to dissolve only in the small intestine. This type of preparation either protects the stomach from potentially irritating drugs or protects the drug from being partially degraded in the acidic environment of the stomach. Find out why our capsules are different from other enteric capsules.   The history of enteric capsules Enteric formulations were originally created to control drugs that tasted unpleasant or caused upset stomachs to consumers. If a patient was unable to take a medication without vomiting due to its horrible aftertaste, that patient could not be treated. Early attempts to find a solution to this problem included the use of substances that were not affected by stomach

High-activity dry yeast for feed is the use of modern biotechnology and advanced equipment to dry the yeast cells produced on an industrial scale into a product with more than 95% dry matter and less than 5% moisture, and vacuum packaging. When it sees water, it instantly becomes a physiologically active cell, so it is also called instant  active dry yeast . High-activity dry yeast for feed is a dormant state of plasmolysis made by low-temperature drying through a special process. It can be quickly resurrected when it encounters water and O2 in the outside world; its resurrection time is very short. High active dry yeast for feed has the advantages of low water content, quick rejuvenation, long storage time and convenient use. Numerous studies have shown that feeding highly active dry yeast has a positive effect on the activity of ruminant microorganisms in ruminants, as well as the ability to stabilize rumen pH, prevent rumen acidosis, stimulate the growth of fibrous degrading bacteri

Emergency lighting  is the lighting that automatically comes on when the power supply of normal lighting equipment fails, divided into emergency escape lighting and backup lighting. Emergency Lighting Standard Regulations Clearly and unambiguously indicate escape routes. Provide illumination along such routes to allow safe access to and through the exits provided. Ensure that fire alarm call points and firefighting equipment provided along escape routes are easily located. Lighting controls must be provided to allow emergency exit lights to be turned on in the event of loss of normal power. Depending on the requirements of the new building, lighting controls must be activated by the building fire alarm system if a fire alarm panel is provided. Lighting controls shall not turn off any lighting upon which the photoluminescent signage relies. Lighting control devices must also not turn off any lights that are powered by batteries. Overall, when using energy-efficient nodes, clocks, and se

  When you invest in your solar power plant, you want to enjoy very low electricity costs.   Solar modules that will produce free electricity from the Sun are not enough. Photovoltaic modules produce only direct current in the system, and almost all of the devices in our homes and businesses use alternating current with a voltage of 230/400 V and frequency of 50 Hz. Therefore, you need to have in your system a device that will convert direct current produced by the photovoltaic modules to alternating current, which you will be able to use.   This device is an  inverter .   The main task of the inverter is therefore to convert DC to AC, in line with the grid parameters, regardless of the external conditions and the instantaneous power of solar radiation. However, the inverters have many other features that can be very useful.   Optimisation of the PV system operation   An important role of the inverter is to optimise electricity production. The inverter searches for the maximum operatin

Methyl Hydroxyethyl Cellulose , also known as Methylcellulose and colloquium, is an organic compound methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose uses in various cosmetic and medical applications, the primary one being as a thickening agent. In decorative applications, it's found most often as a component of toothpaste and cough syrups. The compound is tasteless and odorless, and in medicine, it is ingested by patients to relieve constipation, diarrhea, and hemorrhoids. Here are top uses   methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose 1. Thickening agent Methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose  uses to thickener in cosmetic products such as shampoos and conditioners because it can form a film on hair strands. This film makes hair appear smooth and shiny. In addition, the material coats the hair strands to protect them from water damage. Because it is water-soluble, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose does not cause build-up on hair strands after repeated use of the product containing it. 2. Medicine You may have taken methyl hy